Mine owners and operators need to carefully consider the land and use of selected resources and preserve the ecology and culture of a significant area. Mining operators need to reduce the environmental impact of habitat loss and pollution during all stages of mine development. Mining operators need to ensure transparency in the payment of income from the company to the government and report progress towards implementing responsible practices.

Open cast mining

Open cast mining

When developing quarries in order to reduce the effects of dust, which is a dangerous atmospheric pollutant, the observance of dust protection means, the introduction of sawmill systems, and the use of protective sawmill systems are effective.

According to the code of subsoil users are obliged to bring land plots violated during the use of subsoil into a condition suitable for their further use in public production. This task may to be resolved both by returning them to the area of ​​use that was inherent in these areas before using the subsoil through reclamation, and by providing them with a new area of ​​public use (afforestation, creation of artificial lakes).

With the growing number of chemical and mining enterprises and the formation of a developed mining complex, the negative regional changes in the state of the environment have become more and more noticeable. Violation of the natural state of the land during mining is mainly associated with the extraction of coal, ore and non-metallic minerals, and the construction of pipelines. Significant areas are occupied by overburden dumps, waste rock heaps and tailings of concentration plants. The total area of ​​land disturbed by mining operations in Ukraine is more than 2.8 thousand km 2, of which about 1.3 thousand km 2 are in operation and 1.5 thousand km 2 are subject to restoration.

Mining has other impacts such as there must be a port

Reclamation is not necessarily the return of land in their original condition. Indeed, in a number of cases, for example, at a quarry site, this is impossible. In a broad sense, reclamation is bringing land plots into a state that allows them to be used later in agriculture, for forest planting, for construction, and for creating recreation areas. In some cases, we are talking about creating artificial, but harmonious landscapes that complement the natural ones.

The most common type of earth surface disturbance is dumps. their anthropogenic forms are very diverse: conical, comb-like, flat, plate-like. Another type of disturbance is the deflections and dips of the earth's surface, formed above the mine fields, as well as the actual foundation pits. Among the latter, a crescent-shaped, with gentle slopes, circus bogeys, trapezoidal, dry, and flooded by ground and surface waters stand out. The most important stages of restoration of disturbed lands are mining and biological reclamation.

Mining reclamation involves extinguishing waste heaps, forming flat dumps, smoothing slopes, creating terraces, back filling depressions. Planned surfaces are covered by clay rock, any soil-forming rock (wood, sandy loam) and soil. The soil cover rocks are cut down and stored in special dumps even before the start of mining operations.

Mining areas must also be made for reclamation

Biological reclamation includes measures to restore soils or create conditions on rock dumps that can ensure their fertility. To this end, the most resistant plant species are selected and sustainable biocenoses are created. Arable lands, hay-fields, pastures (agricultural reclamation) are created on lands freed from mining, forest stands are being planted (forestry reclamation). Sometimes spent deep quarries use reservoirs, ponds (water reclamation).

Biological reclamation of lands disturbed in the process of manganese ore mining is carried out in the region, in the process of iron ore mining in the Crimean region, coal and non-metallic minerals in the Donbass. Mining operations daily violate land area, measured in hectares. However, after the minerals are selected, the quarry is filled with oversized rocks and, after planning the surface, it is covered with chernozem stored in special dumps.

The use of waste land for growing crops or introducing industrial fishing is associated with a significant risk - because the land is often contaminated with products from previous mining and chemical activities. Therefore, the best way is the testament of the worked land with the simultaneous implementation of remediation, which results in the cleaning of soils and water from pollutants. Remediation is the cleansing of a territory from dangerous pollutants or the containment of their spread with the help of natural or artificial microorganisms or plants.

Reclamation process for the mining area

 Known examples of the use of remediation for cleaning from oil pollution, heavy metals, ecotoxicants, organic compounds, organometallic compounds, etc. As a result of the implementation of an integrated approach - the Reserve of Wasted Lands with the simultaneous implementation of remediation, it is possible after a certain period of time to realize the natural self-healing of disturbed lands and returning them to their natural state. Examples of successful restoration of worked lands are the creation of an artificial reservoir and recreation zone on the basis of the the creation of an artificial reservoir and landscape park on the basis of the Podorozhnyansky sulfur quarry.

The mine association "Pavlogradugol" is carrying out work on the restoration of disturbed lands, using for backfilling areas of the earth's surface that have subsided, the mine rock formed as a result of the enterprise. After that, the territory is covered with a fertile layer and vegetation is planted on it. In 2009, 15.1 hectares of land was reclaimed and transferred to the land reserve. The cost of work amounted to 4300000. UAH. In addition,

Pavlogradugol. protects forests and agricultural lands from flooding with the help of drainage systems. The waters of swamps, lakes, ponds, streams and rivers are diverted from the mining allotment. For the diversion of rivers, a drainage canal is built along the contour of the mining allotment, and for drainage of water from other water bodies, canals with a drain are built in the direction of lower sections of the relief.

Drainage from the mining area is also very much needed

The drainage system of the field should provide normal conditions for mining, capital and operational work in the quarry. Drainage measures include fencing the career from the influx of surface and groundwater by conducting special workings and organizing drainage. The method of draining the quarry is selected depending on the water-physical properties of the rocks, the number of placement, the thickness of the aquifers. Distinguish between surface, underground and combined method of drainage.

Water pumped out of the quarry should be discharged to the nearest watercourse or catchment and should not again enter the quarry through cracks, dips or permeable rocks. Water logging of the territory adjacent to the quarry should not occur. Measures are also envisaged for the conservation of groundwater resources, excluding pollution and mineralization of water sources and reservoirs of recreation areas. During the development of the field, the drainage system of the quarry changes, new contours of water-reducing wells, underground workings, catchments and the like are created.

Jaw crusher applications are commonly used in mining, building materials, chemicals, metallurgy and other industries. This machine is suitable for the primary and secondary destruction of all types of minerals and rocks with a compression strength of about 320 MPa such as iron ore, copper ore, gold ore, manganese ore, rock flow, granite, basalt, quartz, and materials from other excavations.

Table of contents

1. Jaw crusher, operating principle.
2. The rendezvous of the jaw crusher.
3. The design of jaw crushers.

The working principle of a Jaw crusher must be understood before choosing this machine

As you know, the crusher is called any device intended for crushing, d. H. A mechanical action on solid materials for destruction and minor parts resulting therefrom. The unconventional "Machine Industrial Association" plans and produces equipment for processing plants, mines and processing plants, including crushers, including jaw crushers.

One of the most important processes in mineral processing technology is crushing, and the most important material involved in this process is the crushing of equipment or crushers. This material focuses on jaw crushers. These are crushers that destroy a material by compression between special flat surfaces called cheeks.

In this, an abrasive surface is fixed, and the fragmentation occurs due to the approach of the movable cheek to this fixed. At the same time, the grinding surfaces are at a small angle to each other and approach from below.

The moving grinding surface of the jaw crusher reciprocates, which in turn reduces or increases the distance between the cheeks, resulting in significant pressure and cutting forces destroying the material.



The large pieces of shredded material are introduced under pressure into the working space between the jaws of the crusher. When the movable cheek approaches the solid, they are crushed into smaller ones. As the movable cheek is removed from the fixed fixture, the pieces of crushed material already crushed fall and the largest pieces remaining in place then sink into the empty space and are again ground on the mobile cheek at the next approach cycle. By adjusting the width of the gap between the cheeks and the frequency of their approach, it is possible to influence the final size of the crushed material at the outlet and the flow rate of the product to be ground.

Therefore, jaw crushers belong to a group of batch and free discharge machines under the influence of the gravity of the shredded products.


Jaw crushers are universal machines for shredding materials. It is used for crushing rocks of all types of power, slag and some metallic materials.

Jaw crushers are used in all crushing zones: large, medium and small. The input granulometry of the fractured material can reach 1500 mm. The final product size for small jaw crushers can be 10 mm.

In the technological processes of mining, jaw crushers are mainly used for grinding ferrous and non-ferrous metals, coal, shale, shale, non-metallic ores and others, mainly (1500-350 mm). ) and means.

The maximum degree of comminution of materials in jaw crushers is eight. In general, this figure is even lower, for example, working tongs breakers in cement production conditions with crushing levels of 3 to 6 in treatment and extraction plants and factories enjoy benefits close to the 3rd. , The material contained in jaw crushers may be inherently moist. Normal work occurs when the moisture content of the material reaches 6 to 8%. The actual performance of a jaw crusher and shredded material depends on the properties of the material, its origin (geology) and extraction method.

Jaw crushers: The most common type of treatment equipment in treatment plants. The specific energy consumption for shredding is between 0.3 and 1.1 kWh / t.

Due to the peculiarities of the crushing process in a jaw crusher, the final product may contain 25 to 50% of flat grains and slabs. If the process places great demands on the shape of the resulting grains, the jaw crushers should only be used in the pre-breaking phase. The finishing of the final product must be done in cone or rotary crushers.

The main advantages of jaw crushers: Simple design, easy replacement of wearing parts and spacer plates, easy maintenance and repair, are suitable for grinding viscous and clay minerals.

Disadvantages of jaw crushers: high vibrations, which require the installation of crushers on a very firm base, which does not allow their installation in the upper floors; it requires a uniform power supply, it can not work "under the rubble" and therefore the charger must be installed; few are suitable for lime grinding; Your spare parts wear out faster than those of cone crushers.

Jaw crushers are not used to destroy viscoelastic materials such as wood, polymers and some metal alloys.


Now let's talk about the design features of jaw crushers. Despite the variety of specific design features, most modern jaw crushers are manufactured on the basis of designs developed more than 100 years ago.

The basic principle of the jaw crusher is pretty simple. The grinding chamber is arranged wedge-shaped, it consists of two grinding surfaces, also called "cheeks". One of the jaws of the crusher is fixed and the second is attached to the connecting rod which causes movement of the upper edge of the cheek so that it makes a rocking motion.

The material to be crushed is introduced from above into the crushing chamber. Due to the wedge-shaped grinding chamber, the pieces of material are first arranged depending on the size of the chamber from top to bottom along the chamber height.

The connecting rod shaft is driven by a V-belt drive from an electric motor or a diesel engine. When approaching the cheeks, tissue pieces are compressed as they compress; When moving the movable cheek (inactive), the crushed pieces move under the action of gravity down. As soon as the size of the pieces reaches a predetermined value (reduced to the size of the outlet), they leave the grinding chamber and larger parts are inserted. Then the cycle repeats.

Material that has been processed on a jaw crusher machine

The construction of the movable cheek offers the possibility of adjusting the position of the lower edge horizontally. Therefore, the size of the groove of the outlet opening is fixed, which determines the maximum size of the crushed material at the exit of the jaw crusher. The side walls of the crushing chamber of a jaw crusher are not involved in the grinding process.

The design of the jaw crusher must ensure the following:

•     24-hour operation with maintenance stops;
•     Protection of lubricated surfaces of the powder;
•     Start with your own record.
•     Protection of parts (except the safety part) against breakage when non-commutation bodies hit the grinding chamber;
•     During operation, no crushed material is released;
•     Safe access to mounting points for wear, adjustment and lubrication parts;
•     the possibility of installing the consumer-made frame for individual or typical shelters for the suction of dusty air in the area of ??loading and unloading of material;
•     Local and remote control of grinding mechanisms.

The type of movement of the movable cheek depends on the kinematic properties of the jaw-breaker mechanism. In applying these crushers for processing various materials, many of the most diverse kinematic schemes of the jaw crusher mechanism have been proposed.

Crushers with a simple movement of the movable cheek (WFP).

The crusher is installed with a simple movement of the movable cheek into the frame, on whose side walls the main bearings of the eccentric shaft are fixed. In the eccentric part of the tree hangs a crank. In the lower part of the connecting rod are the slots for the installation of support boxes of the spacer plates. During rotation of the eccentric shaft, the rod receives a rolling motion, which is transmitted by means of the spacer plates on the movable cheek. The cheek receives a pendulum motion with a center point on the axle of the suspension. The fixed and movable sanding plates are attached to the cheeks.

The width of the exit slot is adjusted by installing additional spacers of different thicknesses between the anvil and the rear wall of the frame, a system of wedges in the screws, or the replacement of the rear spacer plate by a longer or a shorter one.



The crushers have only one turn: the ability to crush high-strength rocks and the wear of the sanding plates relatively low. The disadvantage is a high metal content compared to complex jaw crushers and a big difference in the resulting fraction.

Breaker with a complex movement of the movable cheeks

The crusher with a complex movement of the cheek has a special design of the movable cheek. Due to the eccentric attachment of the upper end, the cheek has a complex movement: in the upper support it makes circular movements and down, at the outlet end it is elliptical. As a result, the ore pieces are not only crushed, but also abrasive.

To adjust the width of the exit slot, use a device that raises and lowers a vertical adjustment wedge with a screw. A housing is provided to prevent the emission of shredded materials. The safety device is usually the spacer plate itself, which breaks when the permissible load is exceeded, whereby the failure of the most responsible and expensive crushing units is avoided.

Shredder shredders with complex cheek movements are completely transferred to the eccentric crankshaft, so that shredders of this type are not made in large dimensions and are not used for heavy crushing. Jaw crushers type DSDS are used for grinding relatively small, low abrasives with high clay and moisture content. The width of the receiving opening generally does not exceed 600 mm and the exit slot has a width of 20 to 200 mm.
graduation

The main improvement direction for jaw crushers is the selection of the best design parameters, such as: B. the ratio between the height of the working space and the width of the receiving hole. For the best jaw crushers, this value is 2.25 to 2.5: 1 compared to 2: 1 before the update. Improvement of the geometric shapes of the cladding panels as well as the mechanism of the drive mechanism that allows a soft start of a jaw crusher and protects it from damage when passing non-shredder bodies or overflowing shredders with minerals

In development and a promising new type of jaw crusher - vibration. The operation of these shredders takes the form of vibrators with automatic unbalance synchronization. The main advantage of vibration jaw crushers is a high degree of grinding (more than 10) and a reduction in energy consumption.

In addition to production, specialists for non-standard equipment "Machine Industry Association" carry out technical diagnoses. All work on the technical diagnosis of jaw crushers involves the determination of the technical condition of the structures and the determination of the suitability of their elements for additional operations.

Large stones cannot be directly used directly for various purposes. For this reason, a stone crusher is needed so that the stone is small in size so that it can be used immediately.

Table of contents

1.Understand cone crushers
2.Manufacturer of stone crusher
3.Cone crushers that can increase your profitability


Cone crushers are one of the most common types of stone crushers. They are used to reduce the size of large rocks and minerals into smaller pieces and granules. They are used in various industries. such as the mining, metallurgical, constructive and chemical and phosphate industries. They can also be used for social or governmental projects, eg. B. for railway rehabilitation and road construction.

Components

A cone crusher is a very complex machine that consists of many components, but whose main structure is the same, consisting of:

•     Main axis
•     Against axis
•     The feathers
•     Manganese

Stone crusher can simple until complex machine

Main axis: is used to assemble the spirit. It is supported by the bearing on the base and fastened under the mantle. The main shaft itself does not rotate, driven by the bevel gears rotated in the opposite axis. In reality, however, it is housed in a rotating environment.



Counter-axle: The counter-shaft generates a rotary movement in the cone crusher. On the outside of the tree is a pulley and inside a pinion. The gearbox drives the housing of the eccentric main shaft.

The feathers: Large springs are part of the safety mechanism in cone crushers, which prevents damage to the course by harder and stronger rocks. Press the upper structure down to prevent hard stones that can not be crushed from moving and damaging the crusher as they enter the cavity.

Manganese mantle: The manganese mantle is one of the grinding surfaces of the machine in question, ie the cone crusher. Make a spherical twist through an eccentric rag, like an ice cream cone machine that fills the material into the cones!

Business

The working principles of the cone crusher are similar to those of rotary crushers with a more parallel zone and less inclination in the crushing chamber. As a result, the rocks are broken by being crushed and crushed between the spindles, turning eccentrically and surrounding the concave funnel. The rotating spring is covered by the wear-resistant sheath and the concave funnels by the lining of the manganese bowl or concavity.

The grinding chamber is the area between the cone and the moving cone. When the stone or ore enters the cone crusher from above, it remains in the upper zone and is compressed between the lining of the bowl and the mantle. The large parts break and they are allowed to fall to the lowest position, where they are broken again. This process lasts until these pieces are small enough to escape through the narrow opening available for these parts in the lower part of the machine, ie the lower zone.

The advantages

Cone crushers are one of the most advanced and efficient types of rock breakers. They offer many advantages, including the high milling content, the thin and even size of the product, the low energy consumption and the good granule products. They consist of ultrathin and energy-efficient rock elements. They use the principle of the sliding cover and cover a wide range of products. Its free space in the cavity is more practical than any other type of crusher machine. The use of high performance rock, shaft diameter and a separate lubrication system ensures the reliability and longevity of the machine.


For example, The United Kingdom has a rich mining history: There are several types of industrial minerals. The most common industrial minerals are sand, gravel and cement, which are used in construction products and in road construction. In the UK, many slate mines produce shale, which is then used for construction and architectural purposes. There are slate mines in England and Scotland, but most are in Wales. In the United Kingdom, there is also a large amount of other minerals, such as Chinese clay, used in fine porcelain and porcelain, especially in the Pottery region of the West Midlands (where most producers are located). fine china) and on earth. Fuller, an absorbing mineral used to absorb spills and cleansers. In Great Britain, stone mining requires state-of-the-art shredding technology and a high-quality crushing plant for quarries. If you want to find a manufacturer of stone breakers in the UK, a simple Google search will help you find them.

Stone crusher serves to break the stone up to a small size so that it can be used

In the first phase of grinding: Imagine you have to cut cheese, you can make pieces with a hand, a knife or something else, such as a grater. Imagine, if the meat you want to cut is meat, then a knife is the only option. You really can not cut it to pieces by hand. If the material is hard, you can only use a shredder. To crush stones, you need something like a jaw crusher or an impact crusher from a manufacturer. Theoretically, it's better to work with a model that does not wear out too quickly. Efficiency and reliability are the most important things.

It is clear that a stone crusher is essential for heavy work such as the decomposition of large quantities of rock material and is also a good manufacturer. The device must operate reliably over a long period of time, coping with high workload and productivity. The stones are crushed into the jaws of the machine into smaller pieces, which can then be used for other purposes or as minerals from larger rocks. This is particularly important in the mining process, where mines cause a large amount of waste. The stone-crusher manufacturers focus on these key qualities as they create new equipment and explore new techniques: they observe what their current equipment is used for, and then market new versions on the market that companies can buy. They are the best. Technology available


Either inefficient machines can slow down production, increase downtime, and unduly burden your profitability, whether you're working in construction, highway, or mining. Failure to meet the deadlines can also damage your reputation. You need to use cone crushers that increase your profitability by offering more than promised and faster than expected.



A cone crusher is an important part of your stone or mineral processing process as it grinds the material to the desired dimensions. Since this process is usually secondary in the crushing plant, some processes depend on crushing in a timely manner, so that the entire process chain functions as a smooth, well-oiled machine. Hammer and jaw crushers are other types of crushing systems. But when you need cone crushers, you need a reliable and robust machine that will not leave you at the center of your project.

Nordberg is one of the many well-known companies that makes tough cone crushers. The company manufactures various models of cone crushers through its HP or High Performance range to suit different sectors and requirements, including ballast, sand, taconite, limestone, etc. Nordberg will most certainly be transporting a shredder for transport between different locations ,

The company's mobile crusher can be pulled anywhere, using a closed loop crusher and sifting process with a conveyor belt to quickly shred the bricks in three different designs. The company's machines enable faster shredding due to the patented technology, which allows for faster speed and longer start-up and better performance than the crusher. The particulate release safety system, coupled with a fixed setting that allows for better stability and lower deflection, ensures that castings are easily ejected while maintaining consistency in the production of finished bricks or minerals.
,

How the stone crusher works to break rocks

The technological features of several Nordberg cone crushers provide benefits in terms of ease of maintenance as all interchangeable parts are easily accessible. Among other benefits, there is less downtime due to its superior ability to eliminate stragglers and very low maintenance costs through the use of superior labyrinth seals, bronze rings, and most parts of each mill are easily interchangeable. These breakers also have a very flexible design. By simply exchanging some key components, you can switch your crusher from the thickest to the thinnest void. All of these features result in greater savings, less downtime, and faster delivery of the required raw material, increasing your ROI and improving your reputation.

You need a company that not only manufactures rugged and energy-efficient crushers, but also provides after-sales service in the event of a problem. A company that is present in many countries and cities should be privileged as it can communicate with you as quickly as possible. Companies like Nordberg can guarantee that their cone crushers perform better than they expect, while the design and performance of these crushers allow for easy maintenance in case of scheduled maintenance or unwanted problems.

Technical devices at home are always necessary. They facilitate the work of the man and save time. For example, hammer crushers quickly (or not) grind soft or hard raw materials of plant origin. You will learn more about these devices later.

Table of contents

1. Device and operating principle of the device.
2. Applications.
3 Before you buy a shredder, you must set the required parameters.
3.1. Performance
3.2. Type of device
3.3. A blow to the device
3.4. Excessive heating of the bearings.
3.5. Incorrect proportion of starting material (proportion too large).

Device can operate in many area

Hammer crushers are therefore often used to treat grain or minerals. Milling is done by hammering. They are in turn attached to the rotating rotor. In addition, the material collapses under the action of impacts against the walls of the housing of the device. Hammer crushers have a pretty simple device. In the metal housing grids are installed, a rotor and an electric motor that rotates it. The principle of the hammer crusher is also simple. On the hull is a hatch through which the raw material is introduced. After turning on the rotor, the hammers rotate and break the grain (or other materials). Then the resulting mixture wakes up through the grill and is released to the outside.



Hammer crushers have some advantages: Small, so you can install the machine anywhere. Simplicity of the device and the structure. Low cost compared to other devices. Low weight The device is very easy to use. Simple and economical operation. These products do not require expensive parts for repair. Efficiency The impact crusher can work continuously. In this case, the energy costs are reduced. High efficiency

Disadvantage

Of course, a hammer crusher, whose price varies by 1,000 rubles or more, has some disadvantages:

• Impossibility to grind viscous materials and very wet raw materials (more than 15%). 
• During operation, the noise level of this device is quite high.
• An unpleasant fact is the formation of large amounts of dust. As you can see, the disadvantages are not fundamental. -

Of course, a hammer crusher, whose price varies by 1,000 rubles or more, has some disadvantages: 1. Impossibility to grind viscous materials and very wet raw materials (more than 15%). 2. During operation, the noise level of this device is quite high. 3. An unpleasant fact is the formation of large amounts of dust. As you can see, the disadvantages are not fundamental. Appliance Applications I have to say that this product can be used in various industries: in food. Chemistry Mining Agriculture Properties of a cone crusher.

The operating principle of the presented device differs slightly. That is, it has its own characteristics. For example, a cone crusher mills raw materials with two truncated cones. When they turn around, the raw material falls between their walls and is crushed. As you can see, there is no hammer here. The movable tree is fixed in an eccentric glass.

As in the previous case, the cone crusher can grind almost all raw materials without high viscosity. Very often this unit is used to crush very hard stones. In this case, the proportion of the material obtained can be completely different.

Before using all parameters must be understood

That depends on what type of raw material you grind and where you use the machine. For home use, this small, medium-power device is perfect for you. For mining companies there is already a large, technically complex machine that is capable of grinding a large amount of material every day.

In this case, you must orientate yourself to your preferences. In any case, the shredder will complete the task. 3. The purchase of these devices is of course only required in specialized shops with license and warranty certificates. At the time of purchase, you have the right to try the mechanism. The impact crusher is an effective product that can greatly facilitate your work.



How do I use the device?

First, you can equip your mechanics with special coating elements that guarantee long-term work. They prevent the fast deletion of some parts of the device. Before you switch on the device, you need to warm up. Try not to overload the bunker with raw materials. This can easily hinder the rotation mechanism and cause a malfunction. Before you work, you must also select the proportion of raw materials. Also, carefully check the interior chamber before starting. There must be no equipment. First, the crusher has to work without raw materials. If no errors occur, you can load them with raw materials. However, only after the rotor has reached the maximum speed.

To collect the material that has already been treated, you must use a discharge belt. When operating the crusher, it is very important to pay attention to the force with which the bearings of the mechanism are heated. If your temperature exceeds 40 degrees, you should immediately shut down the unit and check for defects. If you need to stop grinding raw materials, you must first stop delivering and correcting the remaining material. Only then can the mechanism be deactivated.

This problem can be caused by a foreign object that can not be process, as well as by a poor quality of fixing the elements of the mechanism. In this case, check the attachment of the grille or hammers. It is also necessary to clean the camera of unnecessary material.

This happens when the elements are not well lubricated. If the bearings fail, it can also lead to a warming. If they are intact, you need to lubricate them with a clean, high quality oil. Otherwise, the bearings must be changed.

In this case, the grid may be damaged or incorrectly selected. Of course, this detail needs to be changed. It's not that hard to do. As you can see, every technical device requires proper operation and meticulous maintenance. Regularly check the mobility of the sanding elements and the quality of their lubrication. If the damage is more serious, it is better to leave the repair of the product to a specialist. Good luck!

The impact crusher offers maximum configuration flexibility, from fine grinding to grinding, and is cost effective. It improves safety in the workplace, reduces the maintenance of quarries and provides better access to material resources. An additional advantage is that the garbage can be separated on site.

Table of contents
1. Jaw crusher, operating principle.
2. Impact crushers and hammer crushers compare advantages and disadvantages.
3. Vertical axis breaker market.

Impact coal crusher plant in accordance with the conditions in the field

In operation, the electric motor of the impact crusher rotates the rotors at high speed. And when the hammers were installed on the rotors when the raw material was fed

classes
In operation, the electric motor of the impact crusher rotates the rotors at high speed. And since the hammers were installed on the rotors, as the materials were delivered by the impact crusher, the hammers broke the rocks or minerals under the impact function of the high-speed rotating hammers. And then the broken stones bounced off the cladding panels to get a second bruise. This treatment is continued until the required product size is delivered by the dis charger of the impact mill.



The SBM impact crusher is mainly used in the regrinding process. The crusher is specially designed for rocks and stones of medium hardness with a compressive strength of less than 350 MPa and a max. The feed size is less than 500 mm. Because of its cubic shape of the final product. The impact crusher is widely used in sand manufacturing equipment, road and rail coatings, and the water conservation industry.

The advantages
1. Hammer with high chrome plate, unique impact plate, especially for crushing hard rock, high efficiency and energy saving.
2. Low and large feed openings facilitate the organization of the production line and increase the size of the raw material.
3. Many cavities for crushing, suitable for crushing hard rock.
4. New anti-abrasive that extends the life of percussion hammer, impact plate and coating.
5. Grinding the hard stone, high efficiency and energy saving.

Application
The SBM jaw crusher is a new product that incorporates advanced technologies both at home and abroad. The impact crusher is suitable for materials with a compressive strength of less than 360 MPa and a grain size of less than 500 mm. The crusher of the company is characterized by easy maintenance, high crushing rate, grinding performance, etc.
The impact crusher of the coal production line is used in the treatment of minerals, the chemical industry, cement, building materials, flame retardants, ceramics, glass and other industries for the industry. Milling of medium-hard minerals such as limestone, quicklime, chamotte, slag, calcium salt. Sound mines, building materials, scientific articles made of coke, coal and other materials, the compressive strength of which does not exceed 150 MPa and the moisture content is less than 10%.

Adjust the use of impact stone crusher

Advantages and disadvantages of the crusher:
Impact crusher, good grain of the material.
The wear parts of the crusher consume more than a small hammer crusher, the use of metals is high.
Spare parts for crushers are easy to replace and reduce maintenance costs.
The crusher can be a convenient and flexible adjustment of particle size, particle size, and a wide range of adjustment.
The crusher is suitable for soft materials and the hardness of very large materials.
The crusher can effectively handle the large amount of moisture in the material to prevent clogging of the crusher.

Advantages and disadvantages of the hammer crusher:
The crushing ratio of the hammer crusher is relatively small, the product contains an elongated grain form, a powder with a high grinding efficiency, low and low yield.
The hammer crusher is referred to in the work with a comparison between the crusher, the Hammersteinbrecher and the plastic in one of the following Brechmittelhärten compared to the countertop
40% savings on investment costs.
(2) A high performance of 20-30%.
3 good particle shape, less than 20-30% elongated

China is one of the impact stone crusher manufacturers

The "Global Market Research Report 2011-2021 on the Chinese Global Vertical Well Mill" is a detailed analysis of the current state of the vertical shaft impact mill industry focusing on the Chinese market. , The report provides in-depth knowledge of historical information, forecasts, company profiles, technologies, market factors, market trends and related parameters in the field of Vertical Axis Crushers. The report contains accurate information about the world market and the Chinese market, which would help to make better decisions and take positive steps to link them to potential micro-levels. The report covers several sectors: semiconductors, energy, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, technology, food and beverages, etc.



At the beginning of the report, a general description of the sector is proposed: definition, products, applications, technology, end-users, etc. Then the report represents the main payers of the Chinese market at the intended level. In this section, the report includes the company profile, product specification, installed capacity, latest trend, competitors' strategies, consumer product change, and market share. 2011-2016 for every company. The reports represent static data, generated revenue, production capacity, supply and demand, profits and losses, imports and exports, etc. The supplemental market is segmented by type, product, technology, end-user, application and geography depending on the requirements of competitive landscape analysis.

The report estimates the trends for the market forecast 2016-2021 for the sector of impact crushers. Our goal is to provide a thorough and accurate analysis of the various topics related to the vertical axis crusher industry. The report includes a detailed analysis of the up and down demand, market dynamics, quantitative forecasts and the future market vision. Finally, the report used a research methodology for a new project in the vertical axis crusher industry. The reports aim to meet the general customer search requirements for vertical shaft impact crushers in China and around the world 2011-2021. It covers all important parameters to gain a competitive advantage.

Mining technology plays an important role in mining and the environment. Mining plays an important role in our economy. Due to the high capital requirements, and in particular the safety of the plant and the environment, mining has in the past been very restrained in the introduction and introduction of new technologies.

1. How does mining affect people?
2. Safety in mining is crucial for successful operation

Mining is very influential on the surrounding environment, especially for workers

Mining is harmful to the environment because trees and vegetation are removed and burned. Minerals and natural metals are getting rid of the ground. In fact, mining is one of the causes of deforestation. When the environment is radically impaired, of course, people are affected as well.

The shaft dug during land dredging stagnant puddles of water, which serve as a breeding ground for mosquitoes and other aquatic insects. People living near these waters are at high risk of contracting water-borne diseases such as malaria. Gravel, mud and stones, which are displaced during river extraction, disturb the natural flow of the river. As a result, fish and other living aquatic organisms often die, and fishermen find it difficult to navigate the clogged rivers. The extraction of sand and gravel can sometimes pave the way for groundwater pollution.



Mining chemicals pollute the environment, animals and humans. Chemicals such as cyanide, mercury or methyl used metals and mining extracts to amalgamate minerals into rivers, streams, inlets and oceans, pollute bodies of water and aquatic organisms such as: fish that live in bodies of water. People who consume such contaminated aquatic organisms are at high risk of health. Contaminated water can not be used to wash, drink, cook, or wash clothes, which is a water shortage problem for people living nearby.

Toxic waste tailings flows into a mine leaving well or adjacent forest in case of a land dredger and polluting the river during dredging. People who are exposed to toxic waste suffer from health problems. You may experience rash, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. In some mining activities, heavy metals such as lead are released involuntarily into the atmosphere. This can have serious health effects, such as: B. mental disability in children. Asbestos, which is distributed throughout the environment during asbestos removal, may be life-threatening to residents and local workers.

People who live near mining areas or mining towns are very disturbed and affected by the effects of mining. Theft, drug / alcohol, prostitution, rape, humiliation of culture and sexual abuse are unfortunately part of the biggest problems facing the inhabitants of mining areas. Poor people who have health problems associated with mining can not afford treatment and people who live in remote villages without access to a doctor are not treated for their illness.

Miners and their families could also face problems. Miners also run the risk of dying when working in the mine. The artisan family can have money and shelter problems as miners leave their families in search of work.

The effects of each proposed extraction process on the environment must be analyzed before permission is given to proceed with the operation. For example, in most parts of the world, asbestos mining and the use of asbestos are prohibited in the environment potentially deadly spread to humans for many years.

Therefore, deforestation, exploitation of minerals and metals and chemical pollution from mining can have a negative impact on the environment, aquatic habitats, people, animals and of course the mining operators. Miners must be aware of the impact of their mining activities, take personal safety measures and ensure a minimum risk to the environment and people.

Safety equipment with high standards must be used in mining

For your mining to be effective, you must have high-quality mining safety on the site. Whether it is an active mine or an exploration area, highly qualified security personnel are needed.
Many mining companies encounter local resistance. This resistance can sometimes be very serious. Without trained mine safety personnel, the success of your operations can be compromised.

In addition, the safety of your mining personnel is critical and should be a top priority for any mining company. In an emergency, the presence of highly qualified personnel in the mining safety area helps to ensure the protection of minors.
By choosing mine security personnel, who also have comprehensive training in industrial first aid, mining costs can be reduced by reducing the number of people employed.

An effective security firm conducts a comprehensive consultation to assess the needs of the mining operation. This determines the specific requirements and what is expected of the security company.

What does a mine need to work effectively?

Depending on the nature of the extraction process, certain security services may be required. A qualified security company may provide these and all other services deemed necessary by the mining company.

These services are not limited to: security vehicles, security cabins, time card systems, permanent and temporary fences, access control systems, digital video surveillance system, permanent and temporary doors, security magazines explosives, ambulances and boxes.

Does your mining security company provide all the above services as well as an experienced first aid treatment?
Another obstacle to which some mines are exposed is theft, either by employees or by members of the surrounding community. An effective mining safety team helps reduce or even eliminate these costly events.

Theft is a big problem in the gold mining sector. Many new security measures have been developed to address this serious problem. A highly skilled mine safety team on site is essential to protect the mine and everything that is being mined.
Violence is a big problem in many mines because of the unfortunate inhabitants. In order to maintain peace and prevent further violence and bloodshed, mining companies need experienced and experienced security personnel for the mining industry.

In summary, selecting the right mining security company is critical to the overall safety of your mine and its workers. Visit our website to learn more today.

In earlier versions of concrete breakers and rocks, two stones were used, which struck each other. One anvil was made of one stone while the other's weight was used manually to achieve the necessary size reduction. A crusher named Cornwall Seal was developed in the 19th century to break the can and was used in mines. The early years of the 20th century led to the development of portable stone breakers.

Content

1. What is concrete.
2. Concrete spot can create the look you are looking for.
2. Advantages of the always reliable concrete road.

Simple concrete consists of three components: water, aggregates and Portland cement

It is used for the construction of sidewalks, foundations, utility structures, roads, bridges, other architectural configurations and even bowls and works of art. The amount of water is important as it can affect the durability of the concrete. It is imperative to add sufficient water during the mixing and curing phase. Water reacts with the cement throughout the process to form a stone-like material, commonly referred to as concrete. The aggregate is usually made of rock, sand or gravel, but there are many other additives depending on the desired result. There are a number of aggregates that can be added for different purposes. Aggregates give concrete structure. You may think it is an advertisement for Portland cement. This is not because Portland cement is not a special brand. It is a cement type and can be manufactured by several companies.




Portland cement is a mixture of calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron and minor amounts of other ingredients. It is the basic component of concrete and can be controlled by adjusting the setting time with gypsum. Water and cement form an adhesive-like mixture that covers aggregates and joins rock and sand during drying and curing. One way to optimize your project is to use the right amount of fine to large aggregates while using the largest possible aggregate. Water reacts chemically with the cement during an exothermic reaction. The faster the setting time, the less time you have to work after casting with the concrete mix. The amount of water in the mixture compared to the amount of cement is referred to as the water / cement ratio. The lower the water / cement ratio, the more resistant the concrete and the less permeable.

In the manufacture of prefabricated septic tanks, it is very important to understand the permeability of the final product. In any construction project, it is important to build a road or a house to know the strength and wear resulting from the structure. In the southwest, sun and drought are important factors, while in the northwest the humidity level should be considered. In cold climates, freezing and thawing concrete must be calculated. The expansion of concrete is an aspect to consider. On bridges, you often see small gaps in the road to heat and cool the concrete.

Concrete is the most widely used synthetic material in the world. If you look around, you will see it wherever human beings live on the earth. If you're driving on highways, even if it's not concrete, you'll see concrete barriers used to separate the road or protect workers on the streets. Concrete is used in construction projects, from the largest dams in the world to nest boxes in the backyard. It is an amazing and versatile material, limited only by imagination.

Concrete stain: application areas, preparation and application of the stain

There are three important points to consider when applying your concrete stain: application areas, preparation and application of the stain.

Applications: Acid Stain can be applied to all cement surfaces such as corridors, access roads, lounges, bathrooms, terraces, floors and busy areas. It should be noted, however, that not all types of concrete floors are suitable for dyeing, although maturity is not a problem, but the condition. The softer the surface, the better the result compared to older floors. Older soils, however, contribute to an indispensable character, with errors and imperfections merging with the overall picture. The dye does not react well and gives the desired result when the concrete granules are exposed to acid or pretreated, since the granules do not react to the dyeing process. In terms of structured surface application, such as punched or stamped concrete layers, concrete dye provides a depth of color and a beautiful realistic appearance of the surface.

Preparation: The preparation of the coloring depends exclusively on the condition of the concrete. The new concrete must be cured about three weeks after pouring, rinsing and scrubbing to remove debris and dirt. In the case of old concrete, the preparation involves a thorough cleaning of dirt, grease, paint or putty, which prevents the absorption and reaction of stains. It is recommended to always carry out a preliminary reaction test in a small area. Begin your color project with preparation and planning and then continue with the application.

Application of stains: The application of real stains requires only a few tools. Various sprinklers, brushes and a diamond saw are required to delineate the surface. First, test your hand with a simple design and then move on to more complex and challenging projects. Remember, the more complicated your design is, the harder it gets. It is imperative to seal or polish the tinted floor after the process to protect the stain and add depth and shine.

Access roads such as concrete

Since a driveway can dramatically affect the attractiveness of a home, the landscaping options and the value of the property, it is important to choose a well-designed path that suits your needs. The owner of a property has several options for access roads such as concrete, gravel and asphalt, with each material having its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, a well-built concrete road is a popular option and has many advantages, including:

Functionality: In terms of structural strength and long-term integrity, concrete is high on the list for highly functional materials. A concrete pavement is extremely durable, which means that this option is less likely or damaged. So perfect to accept even the biggest SUV without showing signs of surface deformation, even after a long break, due to the weight of the vehicle. A properly poured concrete road can take more than 30 years. On the other hand, a unit of gravel or asphalt needs to be replaced or replaced frequently.

Improving the Appearance of Properties: A concrete pavement no longer has to consist of a smooth, flat slab of slate gray or similar color. It is now possible to create entries with a wide variety of eye-catching patterns, with multiple options for colors, textures, and patterns. The patterns offer very flexible options with a choice of brick, paver or swirl patterns. Colored, textured or polished concrete can effectively increase the attractiveness of properties.

Low maintenance: A concrete road is very resilient and therefore requires little work to maintain the overall appearance. In most cases, stains and stains can be removed with warm water and soap, while stubborn stains can often be removed with a dry grain cleaner. In addition, a solid surface like concrete is very easy to clean the snow.

Economy: Due to the long service life of the concrete surface, this road material offers a high degree of economy. Although the cost of setting up the interface is not cheap, this initial investment pays off quickly as it can increase the market value, appearance and overall functionality of a property.

Respect for the environment: It is often stated that concrete offers environmental benefits. An entrance area of ​​this type can be made with various recyclable materials. Concrete can also reflect light, which can reduce the number of external night lights. Finally, at the end of their useful life, the driveway can be recycled into concrete aggregates or granular back fills.

Metals are widely used for various purposes, versatile and various ways of using them. Metals can be used for industrial use, for example for the production of trucks, automobiles, aircraft, ships and railways. They can also be used to make household items such as cutlery, crockery and even containers. The good thing about metal recycling is that the metal can always be recycled without changing its properties. The most common recyclable metals are aluminum and steel. Other metals such as silver, copper, brass and gold are so valuable that they are rarely thrown away for recycling. As a result, they do not cause a crisis or waste problem.

1. Recycling Metal.
    1.1 Recycling Ferrous Metal.
    1.2 Recycling Non Ferrous Metal.
    1.3 Recycling metal at home.
2. Crusher Machine For Recycling of Steel Slag.


Millions of tonnes of Metal are recycled each year in the UK alone, generating billions of pounds in revenue. Just over half of the recycled metal is exported to meet foreign demand and the rest is reprocessed within the UK to make more metal. Metal is an extremely useful and versatile material that is used to make many items in every day use including cars, trucks, ships, aeroplanes, household appliances, railway tracks, cutlery, ovens and of course it is also used for packaging.





One major advantage in recycling metal is that it can be recycled over and over again without losing any of the properties of the metal itself. Metal is therefore a valuable commodity and as such, when a metal item reaches the end of its life, it can be used 100% of the time to make new metal. The most common metals in every day household use today are Steel and Aluminum - Steel is used to make food cans and Aluminum is used to make soft drink cans.

You can tell the difference between Steel and Aluminum using a magnet because Steel will stick to a magnetic whereas Aluminum will not. This makes the sorting of various types of metal at recycling depots a lot easier as opposed to say plastic recycling where sorting is a much more complex practice. When recycling metal, it is divided into Ferrous and non-Ferrous metals.

Ferrous scrap metal

 Ferrous scrap metal is metal from Steel and Iron so this includes food cans, scrap metal from cars and household appliances etc. According to the British Metal Recycling Association (BMRA), over four and half million tonnes of Iron and Steel scrap metal was supplied to Steelworks in the UK in 2005 to make new Steel and over 6 million tones were exported. Ferrous scrap metal is in demand and growth has increased by approximately 5% each year for the past decade.

Nonferrous scrap metal

Nonferrous scrap metal is waste from metals such as Aluminum, (so includes drinks cans, foil milk bottle tops, foil wrappers, baking trays, kitchen foil etc.) and also Copper, and other metals such as Nickel, Brass, Titanium, Lead and Chromium etc. Less non ferrous metal waste is available but it is more profitable than Ferrous Metal. According to BMRA, in 2005, over a million tonnes of non ferrous metal was processed and nearly half of this was Aluminum followed by Copper and then the other metals. Over 800,000 tonnes was exported representing an increase of 20% on 2004 figures.

Various types of metals can also be recycled at home.

The most common household waste metal items generated are food and drinks cans. Recycling these cans is quite a simple process. After the cans are collected they are separated into Steel and Aluminum cans. Steel cans are melted down and the impurities (slag) are removed and will often be recycled back into the construction industry. The remaining pure metal is made into ingots or blocks of steel, which can then be used to make more cans and other products.

Aluminum cans are compressed and melted down, impurities are removed and again, the Aluminum is made into ingots which can then be rolled into Aluminum sheets before being turned into new cans or other products. This whole process is quite rapid and an Aluminum can is often back on a supermarket shelf in as little as 6 weeks.

Most local authorities now provide a means to dispose of empty cans either by roadside collection or at a recycling depot so make use of these facilities and encourage others to do the same as in this way you can help protect the environment and save energy.

Why it is important to recycle metal

Obviously it makes more sense to make use of available resources, particularly when it is easy to do so, rather than to continually deplete the earth's natural resources. The main environmental benefits involved in recycling metal are as follows:

• It takes a lot less energy to melt down waste metal and recycle it than it does to produce new metal
• Using recycled metal reduces CO2 emissions and air pollution
• Less water is used and less water is polluted
• Reduces the need to mine the raw materials required to make the metal such as Iron ore for Steel, nickel for Stainless Steel and Alumina and Bauxite for Aluminum.
• Reduces the amount of metal going to landfill as despite a growing awareness of the value in recycling metal, a lot of household metal waste from cans is still ending up in landfill sites

Recycling metal is big business and although household waste makes up a small percentage of the total amount of metal recycled, it still makes an important contribution so it is important to recycle those cans as any metal ending up in landfill is simply a waste of valuable resources.

Steel slag

Steel slag mainly comes from the oxidation of elements contained in the molten iron and scrap; metal impurities; the slag agent such as limestone, fluorite, silica, as well as oxidants, desulfurization products and the erosion of lining materials.

The main components of steel slag are calcium, iron, silicon, magnesium, aluminum, manganese and phosphorus oxides. The main use of the slag are as follow. First, it can be instead of lime as a solvent to return the blast furnace or sintering furnace within the company itself. It can also be used for roadbed, railway embankment, and as cement raw material, soil, etc.

The processing technology of steel slag are cold abandoned law, hot pour method, splashing cold plate method and slag water quenching method. Generally a closed loop production process will be used. And we can receive about four high-quality and high value-added products by the process of crushing and screening, vacuum ball milling, dry magnetic separation and classification processes of wind. The four products are respectively high-quality steel scrap, high-grade iron powder, steel slag powder used as cement, the steel slag aggregate used as asphalt concrete surface layer in the road. After completion of the entire production process, slag can be achieved zero emissions, and the environment pollution of the slag is completely solved.

Many engineering machinery companies specialize in producing ultra-fine grinding and screening equipment for steel slag processing. For instance, the European version jaw crusher, hydraulic cone crusher, Symons cone crusher, impact crusher, LM vertical milling machines and other equipment. In China, one company has established a successful steel slag crushing magnetic line which can handle 1 million tons of slag. To have the targets of having all the slag processed, recycling, circular economy, emissions-reduction, another company invested about 8 million yuan (about $123,0000) on a steel slag crushing magnetic line. And they purchased jaw crusher, cone crusher and Symons cone crusher from engineering machinery company. New production line was designed and installed by them.

The magnetic line is a fully automated production, more scientific and rational, easier to use, greatly improving the productivity of labor. Production line and delivery system installs the dust removal device, effectively reducing the dust emissions. The entire production process is formed by two jaw crusher, a fine break CS Symons cone crusher, five iron, five screening and other components. Because the line has good ability of magnetic separation and recovery of ferrite, the steel production greatly is improved.