Mine owners and operators need to carefully consider the land and use of selected resources and preserve the ecology and culture of a significant area. Mining operators need to reduce the environmental impact of habitat loss and pollution during all stages of mine development. Mining operators need to ensure transparency in the payment of income from the company to the government and report progress towards implementing responsible practices.

Open cast mining

Open cast mining

When developing quarries in order to reduce the effects of dust, which is a dangerous atmospheric pollutant, the observance of dust protection means, the introduction of sawmill systems, and the use of protective sawmill systems are effective.

According to the code of subsoil users are obliged to bring land plots violated during the use of subsoil into a condition suitable for their further use in public production. This task may to be resolved both by returning them to the area of ​​use that was inherent in these areas before using the subsoil through reclamation, and by providing them with a new area of ​​public use (afforestation, creation of artificial lakes).

With the growing number of chemical and mining enterprises and the formation of a developed mining complex, the negative regional changes in the state of the environment have become more and more noticeable. Violation of the natural state of the land during mining is mainly associated with the extraction of coal, ore and non-metallic minerals, and the construction of pipelines. Significant areas are occupied by overburden dumps, waste rock heaps and tailings of concentration plants. The total area of ​​land disturbed by mining operations in Ukraine is more than 2.8 thousand km 2, of which about 1.3 thousand km 2 are in operation and 1.5 thousand km 2 are subject to restoration.

Mining has other impacts such as there must be a port

Reclamation is not necessarily the return of land in their original condition. Indeed, in a number of cases, for example, at a quarry site, this is impossible. In a broad sense, reclamation is bringing land plots into a state that allows them to be used later in agriculture, for forest planting, for construction, and for creating recreation areas. In some cases, we are talking about creating artificial, but harmonious landscapes that complement the natural ones.

The most common type of earth surface disturbance is dumps. their anthropogenic forms are very diverse: conical, comb-like, flat, plate-like. Another type of disturbance is the deflections and dips of the earth's surface, formed above the mine fields, as well as the actual foundation pits. Among the latter, a crescent-shaped, with gentle slopes, circus bogeys, trapezoidal, dry, and flooded by ground and surface waters stand out. The most important stages of restoration of disturbed lands are mining and biological reclamation.

Mining reclamation involves extinguishing waste heaps, forming flat dumps, smoothing slopes, creating terraces, back filling depressions. Planned surfaces are covered by clay rock, any soil-forming rock (wood, sandy loam) and soil. The soil cover rocks are cut down and stored in special dumps even before the start of mining operations.

Mining areas must also be made for reclamation

Biological reclamation includes measures to restore soils or create conditions on rock dumps that can ensure their fertility. To this end, the most resistant plant species are selected and sustainable biocenoses are created. Arable lands, hay-fields, pastures (agricultural reclamation) are created on lands freed from mining, forest stands are being planted (forestry reclamation). Sometimes spent deep quarries use reservoirs, ponds (water reclamation).

Biological reclamation of lands disturbed in the process of manganese ore mining is carried out in the region, in the process of iron ore mining in the Crimean region, coal and non-metallic minerals in the Donbass. Mining operations daily violate land area, measured in hectares. However, after the minerals are selected, the quarry is filled with oversized rocks and, after planning the surface, it is covered with chernozem stored in special dumps.

The use of waste land for growing crops or introducing industrial fishing is associated with a significant risk - because the land is often contaminated with products from previous mining and chemical activities. Therefore, the best way is the testament of the worked land with the simultaneous implementation of remediation, which results in the cleaning of soils and water from pollutants. Remediation is the cleansing of a territory from dangerous pollutants or the containment of their spread with the help of natural or artificial microorganisms or plants.

Reclamation process for the mining area

 Known examples of the use of remediation for cleaning from oil pollution, heavy metals, ecotoxicants, organic compounds, organometallic compounds, etc. As a result of the implementation of an integrated approach - the Reserve of Wasted Lands with the simultaneous implementation of remediation, it is possible after a certain period of time to realize the natural self-healing of disturbed lands and returning them to their natural state. Examples of successful restoration of worked lands are the creation of an artificial reservoir and recreation zone on the basis of the the creation of an artificial reservoir and landscape park on the basis of the Podorozhnyansky sulfur quarry.

The mine association "Pavlogradugol" is carrying out work on the restoration of disturbed lands, using for backfilling areas of the earth's surface that have subsided, the mine rock formed as a result of the enterprise. After that, the territory is covered with a fertile layer and vegetation is planted on it. In 2009, 15.1 hectares of land was reclaimed and transferred to the land reserve. The cost of work amounted to 4300000. UAH. In addition,

Pavlogradugol. protects forests and agricultural lands from flooding with the help of drainage systems. The waters of swamps, lakes, ponds, streams and rivers are diverted from the mining allotment. For the diversion of rivers, a drainage canal is built along the contour of the mining allotment, and for drainage of water from other water bodies, canals with a drain are built in the direction of lower sections of the relief.

Drainage from the mining area is also very much needed

The drainage system of the field should provide normal conditions for mining, capital and operational work in the quarry. Drainage measures include fencing the career from the influx of surface and groundwater by conducting special workings and organizing drainage. The method of draining the quarry is selected depending on the water-physical properties of the rocks, the number of placement, the thickness of the aquifers. Distinguish between surface, underground and combined method of drainage.

Water pumped out of the quarry should be discharged to the nearest watercourse or catchment and should not again enter the quarry through cracks, dips or permeable rocks. Water logging of the territory adjacent to the quarry should not occur. Measures are also envisaged for the conservation of groundwater resources, excluding pollution and mineralization of water sources and reservoirs of recreation areas. During the development of the field, the drainage system of the quarry changes, new contours of water-reducing wells, underground workings, catchments and the like are created.

Mining technology plays an important role in mining and the environment. Mining plays an important role in our economy. Due to the high capital requirements, and in particular the safety of the plant and the environment, mining has in the past been very restrained in the introduction and introduction of new technologies.

1. How does mining affect people?
2. Safety in mining is crucial for successful operation

Mining is very influential on the surrounding environment, especially for workers

Mining is harmful to the environment because trees and vegetation are removed and burned. Minerals and natural metals are getting rid of the ground. In fact, mining is one of the causes of deforestation. When the environment is radically impaired, of course, people are affected as well.

The shaft dug during land dredging stagnant puddles of water, which serve as a breeding ground for mosquitoes and other aquatic insects. People living near these waters are at high risk of contracting water-borne diseases such as malaria. Gravel, mud and stones, which are displaced during river extraction, disturb the natural flow of the river. As a result, fish and other living aquatic organisms often die, and fishermen find it difficult to navigate the clogged rivers. The extraction of sand and gravel can sometimes pave the way for groundwater pollution.



Mining chemicals pollute the environment, animals and humans. Chemicals such as cyanide, mercury or methyl used metals and mining extracts to amalgamate minerals into rivers, streams, inlets and oceans, pollute bodies of water and aquatic organisms such as: fish that live in bodies of water. People who consume such contaminated aquatic organisms are at high risk of health. Contaminated water can not be used to wash, drink, cook, or wash clothes, which is a water shortage problem for people living nearby.

Toxic waste tailings flows into a mine leaving well or adjacent forest in case of a land dredger and polluting the river during dredging. People who are exposed to toxic waste suffer from health problems. You may experience rash, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. In some mining activities, heavy metals such as lead are released involuntarily into the atmosphere. This can have serious health effects, such as: B. mental disability in children. Asbestos, which is distributed throughout the environment during asbestos removal, may be life-threatening to residents and local workers.

People who live near mining areas or mining towns are very disturbed and affected by the effects of mining. Theft, drug / alcohol, prostitution, rape, humiliation of culture and sexual abuse are unfortunately part of the biggest problems facing the inhabitants of mining areas. Poor people who have health problems associated with mining can not afford treatment and people who live in remote villages without access to a doctor are not treated for their illness.

Miners and their families could also face problems. Miners also run the risk of dying when working in the mine. The artisan family can have money and shelter problems as miners leave their families in search of work.

The effects of each proposed extraction process on the environment must be analyzed before permission is given to proceed with the operation. For example, in most parts of the world, asbestos mining and the use of asbestos are prohibited in the environment potentially deadly spread to humans for many years.

Therefore, deforestation, exploitation of minerals and metals and chemical pollution from mining can have a negative impact on the environment, aquatic habitats, people, animals and of course the mining operators. Miners must be aware of the impact of their mining activities, take personal safety measures and ensure a minimum risk to the environment and people.

Safety equipment with high standards must be used in mining

For your mining to be effective, you must have high-quality mining safety on the site. Whether it is an active mine or an exploration area, highly qualified security personnel are needed.
Many mining companies encounter local resistance. This resistance can sometimes be very serious. Without trained mine safety personnel, the success of your operations can be compromised.

In addition, the safety of your mining personnel is critical and should be a top priority for any mining company. In an emergency, the presence of highly qualified personnel in the mining safety area helps to ensure the protection of minors.
By choosing mine security personnel, who also have comprehensive training in industrial first aid, mining costs can be reduced by reducing the number of people employed.

An effective security firm conducts a comprehensive consultation to assess the needs of the mining operation. This determines the specific requirements and what is expected of the security company.

What does a mine need to work effectively?

Depending on the nature of the extraction process, certain security services may be required. A qualified security company may provide these and all other services deemed necessary by the mining company.

These services are not limited to: security vehicles, security cabins, time card systems, permanent and temporary fences, access control systems, digital video surveillance system, permanent and temporary doors, security magazines explosives, ambulances and boxes.

Does your mining security company provide all the above services as well as an experienced first aid treatment?
Another obstacle to which some mines are exposed is theft, either by employees or by members of the surrounding community. An effective mining safety team helps reduce or even eliminate these costly events.

Theft is a big problem in the gold mining sector. Many new security measures have been developed to address this serious problem. A highly skilled mine safety team on site is essential to protect the mine and everything that is being mined.
Violence is a big problem in many mines because of the unfortunate inhabitants. In order to maintain peace and prevent further violence and bloodshed, mining companies need experienced and experienced security personnel for the mining industry.

In summary, selecting the right mining security company is critical to the overall safety of your mine and its workers. Visit our website to learn more today.