Jaw crusher applications are commonly used in mining, building materials, chemicals, metallurgy and other industries. This machine is suitable for the primary and secondary destruction of all types of minerals and rocks with a compression strength of about 320 MPa such as iron ore, copper ore, gold ore, manganese ore, rock flow, granite, basalt, quartz, and materials from other excavations.

Table of contents

1. Jaw crusher, operating principle.
2. The rendezvous of the jaw crusher.
3. The design of jaw crushers.

The working principle of a Jaw crusher must be understood before choosing this machine

As you know, the crusher is called any device intended for crushing, d. H. A mechanical action on solid materials for destruction and minor parts resulting therefrom. The unconventional "Machine Industrial Association" plans and produces equipment for processing plants, mines and processing plants, including crushers, including jaw crushers.

One of the most important processes in mineral processing technology is crushing, and the most important material involved in this process is the crushing of equipment or crushers. This material focuses on jaw crushers. These are crushers that destroy a material by compression between special flat surfaces called cheeks.

In this, an abrasive surface is fixed, and the fragmentation occurs due to the approach of the movable cheek to this fixed. At the same time, the grinding surfaces are at a small angle to each other and approach from below.

The moving grinding surface of the jaw crusher reciprocates, which in turn reduces or increases the distance between the cheeks, resulting in significant pressure and cutting forces destroying the material.



The large pieces of shredded material are introduced under pressure into the working space between the jaws of the crusher. When the movable cheek approaches the solid, they are crushed into smaller ones. As the movable cheek is removed from the fixed fixture, the pieces of crushed material already crushed fall and the largest pieces remaining in place then sink into the empty space and are again ground on the mobile cheek at the next approach cycle. By adjusting the width of the gap between the cheeks and the frequency of their approach, it is possible to influence the final size of the crushed material at the outlet and the flow rate of the product to be ground.

Therefore, jaw crushers belong to a group of batch and free discharge machines under the influence of the gravity of the shredded products.


Jaw crushers are universal machines for shredding materials. It is used for crushing rocks of all types of power, slag and some metallic materials.

Jaw crushers are used in all crushing zones: large, medium and small. The input granulometry of the fractured material can reach 1500 mm. The final product size for small jaw crushers can be 10 mm.

In the technological processes of mining, jaw crushers are mainly used for grinding ferrous and non-ferrous metals, coal, shale, shale, non-metallic ores and others, mainly (1500-350 mm). ) and means.

The maximum degree of comminution of materials in jaw crushers is eight. In general, this figure is even lower, for example, working tongs breakers in cement production conditions with crushing levels of 3 to 6 in treatment and extraction plants and factories enjoy benefits close to the 3rd. , The material contained in jaw crushers may be inherently moist. Normal work occurs when the moisture content of the material reaches 6 to 8%. The actual performance of a jaw crusher and shredded material depends on the properties of the material, its origin (geology) and extraction method.

Jaw crushers: The most common type of treatment equipment in treatment plants. The specific energy consumption for shredding is between 0.3 and 1.1 kWh / t.

Due to the peculiarities of the crushing process in a jaw crusher, the final product may contain 25 to 50% of flat grains and slabs. If the process places great demands on the shape of the resulting grains, the jaw crushers should only be used in the pre-breaking phase. The finishing of the final product must be done in cone or rotary crushers.

The main advantages of jaw crushers: Simple design, easy replacement of wearing parts and spacer plates, easy maintenance and repair, are suitable for grinding viscous and clay minerals.

Disadvantages of jaw crushers: high vibrations, which require the installation of crushers on a very firm base, which does not allow their installation in the upper floors; it requires a uniform power supply, it can not work "under the rubble" and therefore the charger must be installed; few are suitable for lime grinding; Your spare parts wear out faster than those of cone crushers.

Jaw crushers are not used to destroy viscoelastic materials such as wood, polymers and some metal alloys.


Now let's talk about the design features of jaw crushers. Despite the variety of specific design features, most modern jaw crushers are manufactured on the basis of designs developed more than 100 years ago.

The basic principle of the jaw crusher is pretty simple. The grinding chamber is arranged wedge-shaped, it consists of two grinding surfaces, also called "cheeks". One of the jaws of the crusher is fixed and the second is attached to the connecting rod which causes movement of the upper edge of the cheek so that it makes a rocking motion.

The material to be crushed is introduced from above into the crushing chamber. Due to the wedge-shaped grinding chamber, the pieces of material are first arranged depending on the size of the chamber from top to bottom along the chamber height.

The connecting rod shaft is driven by a V-belt drive from an electric motor or a diesel engine. When approaching the cheeks, tissue pieces are compressed as they compress; When moving the movable cheek (inactive), the crushed pieces move under the action of gravity down. As soon as the size of the pieces reaches a predetermined value (reduced to the size of the outlet), they leave the grinding chamber and larger parts are inserted. Then the cycle repeats.

Material that has been processed on a jaw crusher machine

The construction of the movable cheek offers the possibility of adjusting the position of the lower edge horizontally. Therefore, the size of the groove of the outlet opening is fixed, which determines the maximum size of the crushed material at the exit of the jaw crusher. The side walls of the crushing chamber of a jaw crusher are not involved in the grinding process.

The design of the jaw crusher must ensure the following:

•     24-hour operation with maintenance stops;
•     Protection of lubricated surfaces of the powder;
•     Start with your own record.
•     Protection of parts (except the safety part) against breakage when non-commutation bodies hit the grinding chamber;
•     During operation, no crushed material is released;
•     Safe access to mounting points for wear, adjustment and lubrication parts;
•     the possibility of installing the consumer-made frame for individual or typical shelters for the suction of dusty air in the area of ??loading and unloading of material;
•     Local and remote control of grinding mechanisms.

The type of movement of the movable cheek depends on the kinematic properties of the jaw-breaker mechanism. In applying these crushers for processing various materials, many of the most diverse kinematic schemes of the jaw crusher mechanism have been proposed.

Crushers with a simple movement of the movable cheek (WFP).

The crusher is installed with a simple movement of the movable cheek into the frame, on whose side walls the main bearings of the eccentric shaft are fixed. In the eccentric part of the tree hangs a crank. In the lower part of the connecting rod are the slots for the installation of support boxes of the spacer plates. During rotation of the eccentric shaft, the rod receives a rolling motion, which is transmitted by means of the spacer plates on the movable cheek. The cheek receives a pendulum motion with a center point on the axle of the suspension. The fixed and movable sanding plates are attached to the cheeks.

The width of the exit slot is adjusted by installing additional spacers of different thicknesses between the anvil and the rear wall of the frame, a system of wedges in the screws, or the replacement of the rear spacer plate by a longer or a shorter one.



The crushers have only one turn: the ability to crush high-strength rocks and the wear of the sanding plates relatively low. The disadvantage is a high metal content compared to complex jaw crushers and a big difference in the resulting fraction.

Breaker with a complex movement of the movable cheeks

The crusher with a complex movement of the cheek has a special design of the movable cheek. Due to the eccentric attachment of the upper end, the cheek has a complex movement: in the upper support it makes circular movements and down, at the outlet end it is elliptical. As a result, the ore pieces are not only crushed, but also abrasive.

To adjust the width of the exit slot, use a device that raises and lowers a vertical adjustment wedge with a screw. A housing is provided to prevent the emission of shredded materials. The safety device is usually the spacer plate itself, which breaks when the permissible load is exceeded, whereby the failure of the most responsible and expensive crushing units is avoided.

Shredder shredders with complex cheek movements are completely transferred to the eccentric crankshaft, so that shredders of this type are not made in large dimensions and are not used for heavy crushing. Jaw crushers type DSDS are used for grinding relatively small, low abrasives with high clay and moisture content. The width of the receiving opening generally does not exceed 600 mm and the exit slot has a width of 20 to 200 mm.
graduation

The main improvement direction for jaw crushers is the selection of the best design parameters, such as: B. the ratio between the height of the working space and the width of the receiving hole. For the best jaw crushers, this value is 2.25 to 2.5: 1 compared to 2: 1 before the update. Improvement of the geometric shapes of the cladding panels as well as the mechanism of the drive mechanism that allows a soft start of a jaw crusher and protects it from damage when passing non-shredder bodies or overflowing shredders with minerals

In development and a promising new type of jaw crusher - vibration. The operation of these shredders takes the form of vibrators with automatic unbalance synchronization. The main advantage of vibration jaw crushers is a high degree of grinding (more than 10) and a reduction in energy consumption.

In addition to production, specialists for non-standard equipment "Machine Industry Association" carry out technical diagnoses. All work on the technical diagnosis of jaw crushers involves the determination of the technical condition of the structures and the determination of the suitability of their elements for additional operations.

The sandblaster is suitable for grinding various minerals and rocks of medium hardness such as iron ore, non-ferrous metal minerals, silicon carbide, bauxite, quartz sand, corundum, perlite, basalt and other hard materials.

1. Types of sand.
2. Equipment for sand.
3. Sand production and mining technology.

Type of sand according to its use

Sand is the most varied in composition and origin:

• Natural sand is the result of the destruction and grinding of several rocks, which led to the formation of a special homogeneous substance from small grains.
• Natural sand means according to its origin that its origin and its composition can be alluvial, flood, marine, lacustrine, wind. The sandy beaches created by their activities, such as water and streams, are rounder.
• Heavy artificial sand is a substance consisting of grains of different sizes and fineness, which are obtained and produced by intentionally detaching or grinding several solid rocks.

When talking about building land, there are also several types of sand, namely, that construction workers classify it according to the territorial origin and the treatment that it has received:

• River sand, sand at construction, which is obtained directly at the edge of the channels of several rivers, is characterized by the purity of the sand compared to the remaining sand and, if no other impurities are present, deposits of clay and small stones minor impurities
• The quarry is washed, the sand is extracted, the quarries are excavated and the raw materials of the quarry are crushed, washed and cleaned with various clay deposits and impurities.
• Artificial sand is sown. This sand also occurs in a quarry, but is not washed but dried and filtered through various contaminants and sediments. Produce asphalt
• According to legislation, the structure of the sand corresponds to the definition of this material as a granular inorganic material of a certain size and fineness of the grains whose sand forms after the destruction of several solid rocks, for example rocks. through the development of various deposits, eg gravel,

Every production is always a specific technological process

This always applies to equipment used to manufacture a particular material, raw material or product.
The equipment for sand production is very individual for the entire production of a piece of equipment. Such a large complex for the production and conversion of multiple sands is in various types of industries, such as. In the construction, metallurgy, mining and glass industries and in many other industries. The complex for the production of sand itself consists of such parts:

• Vibratory feeder;
• Break the jaw
• Drum mill;
• Vibrating screen;
• carrier

Another type of sand production equipment that is part of the crushing and screening complex has the following configuration:

• Break the jaw.
• Vibration screens;
• Washing of gravel;
• conveyor;
• Cabinets

The production of sand by direct application of all previous equipment is based on the typical grinding of the rock to the required size and on the composition of the total substance obtained.

A variety of sand has a different purpose and meaning in construction or in another industry

When it comes to quartz sand, sand is very important in modern construction because sand is one of the most important constituents of all mixtures, solutions and substances used in buildings of various types and types. Quartz sand plays an important role in the production of cement and other binders, solutions and materials.

It is used in all constructions such as artificial sand and other natural sands with natural natural quartz origin. The most important and important difference between artificial sand and natural sand is that artificial sand is obtained by grinding a variety of rocks. At the same time, its composition is completely different from natural sand.

The method of making sand is quite expensive, as the desired amount of material is difficult to estimate. At the same time it is very profitable if everything converges and natural sand is not enough.

The technology of producing sand, or rather dry quartz sand, always involves several rather complex stages. The steps of sand production are as follows:

• Mining of rocks;
• Purification and treatment of rocks;
• Sanding and excretion of sand; Dry the sand;
• Sand splitting for fine and coarse sand;
• Dosage of materials;
• Packaging of the received material.

Copper is mainly used in the manufacture of electrical equipment, in construction such as roofs and pipes, and in industrial equipment such as heat converters and alloys. The most important, long-established copper alloys are bronze, brass (a copper-zinc alloy), copper-tin-zinc, also known as gun-metal, which was strong enough to produce firearms weapons. In addition, copper and nickel, known as cupronickel, were the material of choice for cheap coins.

1. Copper Processing Plant.
2. Application and properties of jaw crushers.

A copper processing plant

Copper powder (FCu) and its alloy have good conductivity, excellent thermal properties, good color and strong and decorative antibacterial properties. Although it is non-toxic to the human body, it is non-magnetic, has chemical stability and good resistance to seawater corrosion and other important properties, and is becoming a very important raw material for modern industry. It is widely used in the electricity, light industry, engineering, chemical, construction, defense and other fields.

In recent years, since copper and copper alloys are widely used in the market prospects for powders, copper powders and copper alloys, the gap between supply and demand in the Chinese market is increasing from year to year. Thousands are being mined each year. Millions of dollars in profit. However, because of the smooth copper silt, the difficulty of grinding in slightly oxidized humid air presents a degree of difficulty.

Current methods of copper production are mainly the mechanical and physical chemical reduction method and both categories. At present, copper production and processing in China is based on traditional mechanical and physical methods, mainly in China, but also on the chemical method of chemical reduction used for research purposes. However, this is not possible to be industrialized. The newly developed technology is difficult to apply immediately on a large scale.


On the one hand, some recently developed production technologies, as a complex process can be possible. Electrical equipment requires high investment, low product performance, high cost and wide particle distribution, environmental pollution. Energy consumption, quality, instability and other problems. But it has not become conventional technology either. On the other hand, part of the new development and production process is still in the laboratory research stage and has not been widely accepted. Therefore, the production and application of copper processing technology has affected the development of the copper industry, the biggest bottleneck.

Although Chinese copper production is living in the world, because China is mainly mechanical and physical production of the main production technology behind the product structure, the lack of high-quality product qualities is easy especially in the production of ultra fine copper. There is a significant gap in terms of the technological aspects of treatment and the United States, United Kingdom, Russia and other advanced countries.

In the mid-1980s, when electronic products continued to require ultra fine high-tech metal powders, they gradually evolved into new high-tech and industrial-grade materials, an ultra fine copper powder with excellent physical and chemical properties. With some excellent properties, a wide range of applications, application potential, high added value and the base of functional powders this is superb, metal powders are suitable for a variety of products and are only outweighed by the importance of iron powder material.

Ultra fine Sub micron Copper Powder (1 micron), in addition to good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, decoration, sterilization and non-magnetic properties, also has many properties of nano material-manganese powder, including low impact, surface effects and interface effect, quantum size effect and quantum tunneling effect, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, chemical and other areas to boost school performance and many new applications where the use of copper surfaces has a higher value and a potential market Demand for new varieties. Second, ultra fine copper powder is a new high point in the development of the copper and heating industries.

However, the current copper processing technology in China is difficult to compete with international companies in the market, but competition is not dominant. In this regard, the original copper producers also increase the technical effort and, since the introduction of foreign advanced technologies to improve product quality, These practices deserve to be recognized, bearing in mind that the most important technology is that of companies. In order to master scientific and technological innovations, the company must also improve its own independent research and development capacity in order to achieve a fundamental technological leap forward.

Copper raw materials are processed through jaw crusher

A jaw crusher is basically a machine that breaks down building materials like stones into small pieces. This helps to break large rocks into smaller pieces such as copper and gravel. These machines are very useful as they divide the rocks into uniform sizes. There are different types of crushers that are used for different purposes. Both types of basic equipment include the double lever and the upper eccentric. Different types of crushers use different methods of crushing stones.

These machines are generally used in construction sites and quarries for crushing stone. Large stones and stones should be broken for transport into smaller pieces. The machine has two rigid metal parts and an opening with a funnel. The stones or stones are poured into the funnel and crushed by the two metal parts by compression. One is fixed between the two base metal pieces and the other moves in the direction of the stones.

Each mill has a specific feed size that actually indicates the size of the object that can crush the machine into pieces. It is very important to consider the power capacity of these devices as different industries and specifications are different. The specification is based on the distance between the two metal parts that perform the grinding task.

The specification of the opening of the delivery also varies from company to company. Some manufacturers make these machines with specific measures to open the loader.

The capacity of the jaw crushers also varies. The capacity of the machine indicates the total weight of the material that can process a unit in one hour. This information may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.
The reduction ratio is another important factor to consider when buying these crushers. There must be a perfect balance between the amount of material poured into the machine and the space of the grinding surface.

Jaw crushers are often used for various applications. It is used in the construction and demolition area, as it is the size of large materials such as concrete, stones, etc. reduced. Therefore, the removal of deposits from the site is considered to be very effective.

It is also used to easily crush pebbles and granite stones. The stones are broken into uniform sizes to simplify the construction process.
These crushing machines are also used as an important accessory for better production because they use less energy.

These machines are ideal for crushing hard materials and stones such as quartz, iron ore, copper and other materials. These materials are stretchy and can rarely be crushed with other equipment.
You can buy different types of crushing tools at low prices in online stores. Since there are a variety of these machines in online shops, it is easy to select the devices according to the specific requirements.

Dolomite is a unique mineral. Even stones that are recovered in the same deposit can have completely different colors. A broad color spectrum and excellent technical parameters allow the use of dolomite in several areas.

1. The formula and properties of the mineral.
2. Production.
3. Application of dolomite.
4. Advantages and disadvantages.

A piece of dolomite

Dolomite is a carbonate of magnesium and calcium. Its formula is CaCO3 · MgCO3. The current composition is almost completely compatible with the theoretical composition. It usually contains about 45% carbon dioxide, 30% calcium oxide and 20% magnesium oxide. It can also contain impurities of iron, potassium and other metals. He got his name with the name of the discoverer - the French D. Dolomier.

The grinding of the rock in powder form and drying under production conditions leads to dolomite flour. It is divided into 4 classes, in which 3 brands are awarded.


The mineral hardness is about 3.5-4. The density is 2.85 to 3.0 g / cm3. The mineral is long lasting but quite fragile. It is easy to scratch with a steel needle.

Dolomite is chemically similar to calcite. It is characterized by a more intense brilliance and a mediocre solubility. Finally, dolomite can only be distinguished by specific limestone chemical tests.

Hydrochloric acid is used in the field to distinguish these two minerals. A small piece is placed on a glass surface and then drops of hydrochloric acid. When the substance boils and carbon dioxide is released, the mineral found is calcite. Dolomite interacts with hydrochloric acid is not as active.

There are different types of dolomite, which differ due to their different natural characteristics. Minerals can be mounted, coarse, accumulated, transparent, marble, etc. They can have a gray, white or pale yellow color. There are fewer black stones. On faces is a frosted, pearly or glassy glow.

A characteristic of dolomite is the presence of colored spots on its surface. You can switch from one sound to another or be separate.

Dolomite can be produced on a large scale for various needs

Dolomite is often present in hydro thermal deposits. It can also be formed by replacing calcite under the influence of marine or groundwater.
Since dolomite is a sedimentary rock, its thickness is determined by its depth. The deeper the mineral layer is, the stronger it is.
The deposits of dolomite are located in Switzerland, in Spain and on the North American continent. The most important are in Mexico and the Lake Ontario area. It is also found in the Caucasus, the Moscow region, the Urals and Central Asia.

The extraction of dolomite occurs in the quarries by drilling and blasting or by using well loads. The treatment includes crushing, roasting and, in some cases, grinding. The material is crushed with hammers or jaw crushers. Dolomite is usually burned in well furnaces with distant stoves. For grinding with trunks or other mills.

When cooking at different temperatures different materials are obtained. The calcination of etch dolomite is carried out at temperatures of up to 750 degrees. Dolomite cement is formed at higher temperatures (up to 850 degrees). Dolomitic, extinguishable lime occurs at a temperature of about 950 degrees.

The dolomite flour is obtained by grinding and fine grinding of raw materials, in its composition the usual dolomite.

For its production this equipment is required:

•  Crushing plant;
•  A mill or crusher to grind the rocks;
•  Power-vibration mechanism;
•  Vibrating screen

The technological process for extracting dolomite flour comprises primary and secondary comminution, fine fraction grinding, complete drying and heat treatment. Then it is packed in containers or bags for bulk goods. Store dolomite flour in dry, closed shops.

In nature, dolomite is no less than calcium. The size of these minerals is almost identical.

Dolomite is used:

•     For the production of refractory materials instead of magnesite;
•     For the production of magnesium metal;
•     In steel production;
•     As a raw material for flows in the metallurgical industry;
•     For the production of building materials such as mineral wool, magnesia cement, sovelite, etc.
•     As a coating and coating material in the construction of houses and industrial types;
•     When laying roads;
•     Increase the strength and chemical resistance of the glass;
•     For the production of rubber;
•     As a filling when receiving paper;
•     As an abrasive for polishing metal and glass surfaces;
•     As a raw material for the production of porcelain enamels;
•     As a means of controlling various insects;
•     An landscaping.

The simple workmanship determines the popularity of this stone among the construction workers. It can be given any shape, forming a flat or raised surface. It has good strength and is therefore used as cladding material for walls, window frames and stairs. The arrangement of floors in shopping malls and other public spaces is important.

The dolomite plate has filter qualities and allows you a favorable micro climate in the room. Stone tiles are used for the finishing of baseboards and facades. Glazed tiles are usually covered with a floor. Polished tiles are very suitable for interior decoration. For paving, beams with anti-slip properties are used.

It is used to decorate fountains, swimming pools, fireplaces and stoves and to restore palaces. Using original polishing techniques, designers create products that look like natural marble.

Dolomite flour is an ingredient in dry construction mixtures. The grains of this mineral have a cubic shape and offer better adhesion than the sand. Therefore, dolomite powder is very popular in Russian companies. The mixtures with their addition are of the highest quality.

In addition, dolomitic flour is used to make a variety of sealants, sealants, in the manufacture of paints, linoleum, etc. Another field of application is the descaling, loosening and fertilizing of the soil. It reduces the acidity of the soil and enriches it with magnesium and potassium. It can be used outdoors as well as for greenhouses and greenhouses.

Dolomite has been producing dishes recently. Dolomite ceramic is not expensive, it has a beautiful appearance and is characterized by its low weight, but at the same time is very fragile. Under the influence of high temperature, the outer layer breaks and micro cracks form.

It is therefore not recommended to eat hot dishes from Dolomites dishes. Some scientists argue that dolomite is generally not suitable for the manufacture of crockery because it is sensitive to the action of acids, including coal. This material is not harmful to health.

Dolomite is characterized by the best properties of natural stone. It is durable, frost resistant and has an unusual texture.

The main advantages of dolomite:

•  Plastic;
•  Low thermal conductivity;
•  High strength;
•  Respect for the environment;
•  High aesthetics;
•  Possibility of combination with any finishing material;
•  Possibility of application for external and internal work.

The main disadvantages of dolomite as a building material are its high price on the hardware store and its limited colors.

Shredding in the broadest sense of the term is a process whereby the size of pieces or ore grains is reduced to a value at which the minerals can be separated by subsequent enrichment processes.

1. Crushing ores.
2. Classification.


The ore enters the processing plant in pieces of varying sizes ranging from 200 to 300 mm to 1,500 mm, depending on the type of ore and its extraction. These pieces are made of mineral splices and can not be enriched.

Large chunk are reduced in size

In this case, the ore must first be ground, while the final size of the pieces is determined mainly by the nature of the impregnation of the mineral grains in the ore (coarse, fine or fine impregnation).

The crushing can be done in several ways: crushing, attrition, cracking, hitting, and a combination of the above methods. In some cases, they are associated with another side effect of breaking or bending forces.

Crushing is one of the most expensive processes. In process plants, the cost of the crushing process is on average 40% of the cost of minerals, while the cost of shredding equipment is about 60% of the equipment cost. The principle of fragmentation is therefore "do not overwrite". Following this principle results in energy savings, increased plant productivity, less waste of useful minerals, and less wear on breaker parts.



To respect the "override nothing" principle, the entire crushing process is divided into several stages or processes. Before each milling step, a classification is made to isolate the small items so as not to retransmit the pieces of size to be shredded. If possible, enrichment is performed after each grinding step.

Distinction: large size reduction: during crushing of ore from 1500 to 100-400 mm; Average grinding: from 400-100 to 30-50 mm and fine grinding: from 30-50 to 3-5 mm. The smallest pinch (less than 1 mm) affects the grinding.

In the apparatus large, medium and fine crushing are performed, which is referred to as crusher (jaw, conical, etc.).

The choice of milling process and consequently the nature of the crusher depends on the physical properties of the material to be ground and on its size and the size of the shredded product required. For solid and viscous materials, sanding, impact grinding and abrasion are the most reasonable, while fragile materials are recommended by subdivision.

Coarse and medium crushing is mainly done by crushing and splitting, and crushing is done by impact and abrasion.

The diversity of the properties and sizes of the crushed material and the different requirements for the crushed product have led to various types of crushers in which various construction techniques enable the above mentioned crushing processes.

The commutation is used for wide, medium and fine commutation and is carried out between flat, oscillating jaws (horizontal jaw crushers), between eccentrically rounded surfaces (cone crushers) and between rotating rolls (C-roll crushers). ).

Conveyor are needed to transport materials

The excision is done with pointed teeth or tips of different shape (eg toothed rollers) and is used only for large and medium grinding of fragile and soft materials.

Abrasion, which is always associated with commutation, is performed between rotating grinding wheels, between flat and cylindrical surfaces (tracks g), between curved surfaces of various shapes and used for fine grinding.

A stroke in its pure form is to move the mortar progressively (electronic jolts), turning the rigidly-reinforced fingers (Well Disintegrators) or rotary hammers (3-hammer mills). The shot is used for large, medium and large bruises.

The impact is achieved in combination with abrasion with the help of solids in free fall (and ball and rod mills) and used for fine grinding.

For the crushing of non-ferrous metals, including uranium, the following types of crushers are used: for large scale crushing: jaw crushers and cone crushers; for medium refraction - standard cone crushers and fine crushing - short cone crushers and smooth crusher rolls. All crushers of this type are committed by intermittent ore grinding (jaw crusher) or by continuous pressing (cone crushers, rolls).

Jaw crushers are ground in the space between the movable and fixed jaws of the crusher as the former moves to the second. The material is loaded into the receiving opening of the crusher and drops down to the discharge opening as the size of the pieces decreases.

For cone crushers, in contrast to jaw crushers, crushing occurs continuously between two truncated cones as the moving cone approaches the fixed cone. The frustum-conical crimping section moves along a circle in a solid cone (but does not rotate) and grinds ore pieces by continuous grinding, partly by bending and abrasion.

Roller crushers are used in addition to short cone crushers for fine crushing.

The surface of the rolls can be smooth, grooved and notched. Smooth surface rolls are generally used to grind minerals. The grinding of the material in the smooth surface grinding rolls is produced by crushing the pieces between two rotating rolls.

Roll crushers normally work with dry materials and are a simple, reliable and compact machine that facilitates process control. The use of these crushers is particularly useful when grinding relatively hard and fragile minerals.

Rolling mills have a low productivity and are characterized by a low degree of grinding. Dry grinding produces a lot of dust, which is its disadvantage.

To obtain a material with a particle size of less than 1 mm, fine grinding is used.

The fine grinding according to the following ore processing method and grinding performance can be carried out in the grinding apparatus according to various schemes. For fine grinding in mineral processing, we used grinding machines, webs and backs. In large processing plants, in most cases, fine grinding is carried out in factories.


The classification is one of the important processes of mineral enrichment, whereby the mixture of mineral grains of different sizes is divided into different contents.

If the classification is done on screens (in the presence or absence of water), this process is referred to as detection and the devices used are detection. If the separation is based on the difference in speed of the grains, which are different in size in water or in the air, the process is referred to as hydraulic or pneumatic classification. The devices used for this purpose are hydraulic classifiers and air separators (tires). ).

Jaw crusher is one of the machines for processing iron ore

The selection is made by transferring the material on one or more screens. Screening is generally used to separate materials with a particle size of 1 mm or more, although in practice there are cases in which screens are used to obtain more subtle types of material. The lower limit at which the detection can still be used should be considered as grains with a diameter of about 0.06 mm.

The purpose of the selection is to obtain a material with certain sizes of pieces or grains; Removal of material whose size is smaller than a certain size; the selection of materials of different types by size for further enrichment, etc. The screening machines used in practice are divided into mobile and stationary screens, with the following four main types of screens: 1) grid, 2) flat vibration, 3) vibration and 4) drum type.

The main part of the sieve work is a sieve or a sieve, with which the material can be divided into two or more classes.

There are three types of screens: parallel grids, perforated or perforated perforated sheets and wire mesh. The materials used are: mild steel, cast iron, stainless steel, bronze, brass, etc.

In practice, the hydraulic classification is performed in a mobile aquatic environment in the form of continuously increasing or horizontal currents and obliquely. Water as a means of transport is used in the classification as a separation, mainly in free fall, and as a means of distribution, mainly in a limited waterfall.

One of the ore processing factories

In a closed milling cycle, mechanical classifiers are used to separate thick materials from fines. They are classified according to the principle of grain velocity, which falls into a horizontally falling pulp flow when the case is limited.

The deposited particles (sands) are removed by means of a transport device, namely reciprocating or spiraling rotations, etc. The undersized material (sands) with closed grinding cycle is returned to the mill for grinding and fine granules in suspension, both the particles and get the water into the plums and then processed. The movement of the transport mechanism causes movement of the pulp and contributes to the classification.

The frame sorter is a narrow and sloped channel which has two side walls and one side and is open at its upper end. One or more rowing sites are placed in the hollow. The frame with crank fits. If you move the comb frame upwards, it is in the lowest position and carries sand. Then he climbs a curve in the highest position and goes down, standing in the sand. Then the curve goes down and the cycle repeats.



The ore classified as pulp is transported to the bottom of the canal. An outflow of particles of the required size is evacuated through the overflow threshold. Sedimented coarse material (sand) is gradually displaced by movements in the channel and discharged through the open upper end.

The spiral classifier according to the working principle is similar to a frame classifier and is a semi-cylindrical channel in which a spiral rotates about the longitudinal axis. The pulp reaches the sedimentation basin and is classified. Fine material in the form of drainage is channeled through the lower end of the sifter channel, while the larger material (sand) settles to the bottom of the channel. collected by a spiral and unloaded at the top of the channel.

Hydro cyclones and centrifuges are used to classify small particles between 5 and 40 micrometers. The classification process in hydro cyclones and centrifuges is greatly accelerated because the centrifugal force, which can exceed gravity by hundreds and thousands, is used to precipitate mineral particles in a liquid medium.

A hydro cyclone consists of a reverse metal cone with a flat cover and a central outlet for drainage.

The food in the form of pulp is fed through a centrifugal sand pump located in the cylindrical part of the apparatus through a pipe whose cross-section decreases as it enters the cyclone. Large particles are collected in the top of the cone and discharged through the outlet of the nozzle, while the finer ones emerge through the drain hole.

The pulp entering a hydro cyclone tangent to the inner surface of the cone forms a helical stream which contracts downwards and divides at a point on the cone. High in the main stream exits the upper drainage hole. In the middle of the cyclone, a cylindrical column of air forms along its vertical axis.

It is almost impossible to find a building material with a higher demand than debris. It is part of concrete solutions, it is used for laying sidewalks and landscaped gardens. However, it is not so easy to get cubic meters of solid stone where all the grains are about the same size and shape. In addition to the fact that strong rocks from the bowels of the earth have to be mined, they still need to be crushed to a certain extent. And for that you need at least one durable crusher.

Contents:

1.Main types.
1.1 Jaw.
1.2. Cone.
1.3. Rotary.
1.4. Rollers.
2. Prices of different models.
3. Build your own hands.

All shredded shredders and crushers can be subdivided by the size class of the stone obtained at the exit (mm):

100 to 300;
25 -100;
25-05.

At the same time, most structures can work in one of the specified areas: just reconfigure the machine to get a new fraction in the output. In addition, fixed and mobile models are distinguished. However, the former are only used in large companies that develop strong rock deposits. At the same time, any mobile crusher used to treat ballast, even if less productive, can be used to crush small material and move it to a new location.



At the same time, most structures can work in one of the specified areas: just reconfigure the machine to get a new fraction in the output. In addition, fixed and mobile models are distinguished. However, the former are only used in large companies that develop strong rock deposits. At the same time, any mobile crusher used to process crushed stone, even if its productivity is lower, can be used for grinding small stocks and transporting it to a new location.

In general, the mobile equipment is conical or jamming, with the difference that it regulates raw material fractions and marketable products. Due to the frequent job changes and thus the properties of the ballast are the best solutions. A whole fleet of expensive shredders can be replaced by a universal machine.


The lower dirt limit at the compression strength is 300 MPa. This material is not widely used on a construction site, but still has a small consumer base. Most of the market has long been conquered by more durable rocks from M600 to M1200. To grind the stones to the desired fractions and to obtain high-quality building materials at the exit, the structures of the crusher must be selected correctly.

Jaw crusher is one of the most widely used types

They are considered as universal waste machines because they can treat rocks of any resistance. The grinding takes place between two heavy plates, one of which can be moved and the other permanently fixed. The space of the upper part of the cheek can be adjusted up to 1.5 m, depending on the starting size of the raw material. The size of the fraction in the output is set in the same way.

For all the simplicity of the design, these cars are quite capricious: they require regular inspections and frequent repairs. When using jaw crushers, it is recommended to change the sanding plates regularly as they wear unevenly during operation. It also reduces equipment maintenance costs if it is more durable on the wear-resistant metal surface. The disadvantage of these mills is the high proportion of flax grains in the finished waste, a sign of their poor quality. The reason is the peculiarities of the machine, which does not break, but tightens and laminates the stones.

Type Cone Crusher

The functional principle of a crusher for ballast is similar to the destruction of rock in jaw models. However, the grinding surfaces here have a three-dimensional shape and the axis of rotation is specifically unbalanced. As a result, the flagellated grains are subjected to blows from several directions, they find their way and come in the form of cubes. In addition, the stones of the needle collide when they pass through a small space between the cones, and collapse faster.

Type Rotary Crusher

Able to shred waste in smaller fractions. The strong bindings attached to the tree "lead" the race into the working drum and divide it into powerful blows. The correction takes place when the fragments fly to the walls of the crusher and break in the cladding panels.

However, with this method of destroying rocks, it is impossible to control the size of the gravel at the outlet, so that after grinding, all the mass is sent to a broadcasting screen. A disadvantage of rotary choppers is also considered as not above average limited hardness of the raw materials. In large industries, they are only used in the second milling stage.

Type of Roller Crusher

Only available in two forms: For fine and medium sanding of gravel. The destruction of the rocks takes place between the rotating mating rolls. They themselves can have a smooth, jagged or raised surface to work with materials of varying thickness. However, the resistance of the broken raw materials must not exceed the average values.


Buying a second hand investment at a more reasonable price will not succeed. Even if they are edited or restored after a major overhaul, they are not much cheaper. The relatively low cost of breakers for ballast production can only affect very small models that can handle up to tons per hour, or compact laboratory breakers.



Since it is not profitable to buy a shredder for small construction jobs, citizens with technical knowledge can try to do it themselves. No special equipment is required for your own needs, and the design of the machine is simple. Drawings and diagrams can be found in old manuals or on the Internet and assemble the installation from the available metal.

Suitable sources of raw materials are suitable rocks of sufficient hardness on the surface and are available for independent extraction. However, in domestic production, gravel is often made from recycled materials or wastes from mining and processing companies. Their strength is average, so the hammer machine works.

The machine chosen must match the capacity

The crusher for obtaining cubic gravel consists of several basic elements that you need to make or buy used machinery.

• Capacity in mineral resources.
• Tree with grinding elements (hammering).
• Lattice with holes of the correct size (it is better to have several interchangeable ones for different fractions).
• Electric motor with starting equipment.
• Distance between the axes.
• Pulleys, belts, locks and bearings.

All work must be heavy and powerful enough to grind the gravel. Heavy walled pipes, cast iron plates and large diameter fittings are useful. The camera is cheaper if you cover the interior with separate impact-resistant inserts and sheet metal baking tray.

In construction projects, aggregates are used as building material such as bridges and road construction. In the asphalt mixture roads were made in the form of sand and gravel. The gravel usually comes from big stones, the result of explosive rocks. Therefore, he must be treated against these stones. To get the desired gradation and grain shape, a stone grinder like a stone jaw crusher is required

Great variation in jaw crushers today, the main differences are in their size. Some units have hydraulic extraction systems that allow non-collapsible materials to pass through the jaw crusher without damaging the lever plate. However, they are not very popular because the pit operators prefer simplicity to the rare possibility of breaking a lever plate

1. The intended jaw crusher system.
2. European jaw crusher.

Rocks are one of the ingredients processed by jaw crusher

The jaw crusher is the main crusher used in minerals mining industries. It consists of a pair of vertical jaws, one attached to the tree while the other moves from side to side. The upper part of the jaws has enough space to comfortably feed the material. The distance is relatively smaller at the lower end, whereby the arrangement is given a conical shape.

The mobile crusher is very practical and flexible. The mobile crusher can easily be moved from one place to another, saving you a lot of money and energy. The mobile jaw crusher installation concept is fully adaptable to all mobile crushing requirements. created new opportunities for entrepreneurs, quarry operators, recycling and mining applications. Jaw crusher introduces today state-of-the-art technology and introduces two crushing and screening plants from two large and three small series.



Principle of operation
The belt and the pulley are driven by a motor and the movable jaw moves up and down through the eccentric shaft. The angle between the fixed jaw and the movable jaw decreases as the movable jaw lowers, then the materials are shredded. It gets bigger as the jaw moves up. The movable baking table leaves the fixed baking table under the action of the bar and the spring, and the finished products leave the grinding chamber.

Design and manufacturing
As the leading manufacturer of the small jaw crusher for the sale of manufacturers of complete crushing and screening equipment most in China, has produced the jaw crusher of the its series, a kind of efficient and cost-effective crushing plant. Energy after years of research and integrated with the successful experience the same product at home and on board. Medium and large jaw crushers are our competitive products. Especially in the design and manufacture of large jaw crushers, we took first place at home and on board.
The grinding does not take place in one step. The design of the jaw crusher and jaw crusher parts facilitates the progressive chopping of the material into smaller pieces as it strikes the bottom of the jaws. The inertia required to drive the crushers is provided with a weighted flywheel that moves the shaft and produces an eccentric motion.

One type of jaw crusher in Europe

The European team of  Haarklemmen will be the most famous element in recent years. Many people want to know the difference between the normal jaw crusher and the European jaw crusher. First, let's look at the similarities between these two products. The conventional jaw crusher and the European jaw crusher are used in the primary crushing phase. They can be divided into a coarse crusher and a fining machine.

The European team of Haarklemmen will be the most famous element in recent years. Many people want to know the difference between the normal jaw crusher and the European jaw crusher. First, let's look at the similarities between these two products. The conventional jaw crusher and the European jaw crusher are used in the primary crushing phase. They can be divided into a coarse crusher and a fine crushing plant.



Well, what's the difference between them? The biggest difference is that the performance of the PEV jaw crusher is superior to that of the traditional jaw crusher. With the technical parameters of the European jaw crusher and the conventional jaw crusher (the JC series is a European jaw crusher, the PEX series is a common jaw crusher), we can see that feeding on the same problem of carrying the jaw crusher, which is the bottom of the European jaw crusher smaller, the weight is less and the capacity is bigger. In the designs of these two machines, the European jaw crusher has a larger eccentric shaft and a longer jaw plate. The European jaw crusher has a device for adjusting the discharge of the wedge block. He is much easier and safer. Due to the construction, the movable jaw of the European jaw crusher made of high-quality cast steel, the heavy eccentric shaft absorbs the forging material to be machined, the reliability increases significantly. The bearing base of the European jaw crusher uses the uniform steel construction. This has improved the radial resistance of the bearing base.

The functional principle of the European jaw crusher is explained below. The European jaw crusher works with an electric motor. By means of the drive wheels, the eccentric shaft is driven by a triangular belt and a pulley wheel to move the shoe plate along a predetermined path. As a result, the materials are placed in the abrasive cavity where the fixed jaw plate, the movable jaw plate and the saw table are housed. It can be crushed and discharged through the outlet opening. The European jaw crusher can perform a batch production.

When operating the European jaw crusher, we can solve the breakage problem of the jaw plate. Why this problem occurs and how to solve it was the focus on the users. If the size of the discharge outlet is short, a large amount of material is introduced into the grinding cavity, the cheek plate stops overloading and eventually breaks off. If the European jaw crusher comes from abnormal suppliers, the good quality of the jaw plate can not be guaranteed. An irregular feeding material is another reason for breaking the baking plate. The jaw plate can ultimately be used to save a lot of time and there is a crack. You will discover some human elements that have caused the fracture of the jaw plate. Standard inspection and maintenance are therefore crucial. Choosing a reliable organization can also be crucial.

Then you decide for a high-quality European jaw crusher. Firstly, it is best to know the key elements affecting the European crushing plant: frame, jaw crusher plate and side shield, gearboxes, adjusters, steering wheel and lubricants. Before choosing the European jaw crusher, check the high-quality materials of these important parts. Finally, KMEC hopes to get a high quality European jaw crusher.

The jaw crusher can treat the stone, whose weight is similar to that of the river. The Blake jaw crusher has a fixed delivery zone and a variable flow

Table of contents

1. What you need to know about the PE jaw crusher.
2. The process of crushing the boulder.
3. Application and properties of jaw crushers.

The principle of jaw crusher is simple

The industrial PE jaw crusher is often used to crush materials of varying hardness (such as high, medium and soft minerals) such as iron ore, slag, marble and other building materials. There is an upper limit that these machines can master. However, it is best to ask the manufacturer what is the case for each device. The machine we focus  is suitable for the primary grinding of materials and can therefore be used as a machine for the regular sanding of large stones. They are generally found in industries such as mining, road construction, railway construction, hydraulics, construction, metallurgy, foundry and chemicals. As you can see, this product is very diverse!


The PE jaw crusher is based on a revolutionary, non-welded and modular chassis design that provides owners and customers the highest levels of fatigue resistance while providing excellent reliability and multiple mounting options for the machine. Use in many industries. Due to its finely balanced structure, this industrial machine can be one of the simplest and most economical types of crushers that can be actively installed and used. In combination with the high-quality cast steel components and the long-term wear of the parts, this means an extraordinarily high availability of the crusher, a very economical crushing and a surprisingly low price per tonne. In summary, the PE jaw crusher has a simple structure that allows for easy maintenance, stable performance, and even end particles with a high freeness.

The motor of the PE jaw crusher drives the pulley effectively and makes the jaw move up and down about its axis. Once the movable jaw is lowered, the angle between the fixed jaw and the movable jaw begins to decrease, allowing the materials to be shredded and the purpose of grinding to be achieved. The moment the movable claw is raised, it fixes the claw under the draw bar and its spring. After this point, the shredded materials are released from the bottom outlet of the grinding chamber.

Nowadays it is very easy to get a PE jaw crusher, easy to connect and search for suppliers. Every good supplier has its own website, where you can get more information about its products and what they hope to be destroyed. They can also advise you which machine is best for your job. In general, suppliers are experts in their field and therefore have the latest industry information to guarantee you the right product. Each manufacturer must have an "About" section that gives you an overview of his experience.

One example of using a jaw crusher

The process begins with the procurement of raw materials, large river rocks or mountains. The choice of stone is facilitated by the fact that the stones present in these places are durable and hard enough not to be destroyed by the water, as they are generally hardened.

Boulder crushers are assembled in a factory that performs all the necessary processes to obtain the latest usable end products. However, stone breakers can be mobile so they are transported to the places where these resources were found. The problem with these mobile breakers is that they can only be used to a limited extent and that the resources are used up as soon as the resources are used up.

Step by step grinding process

· The first step is the first breaking step, when large stones are attracted to the first jaw crusher. It is mainly large and has a higher grinding performance. Giant pieces of stone are reduced to smaller stones, which are transported by a vibrating feed machine to the next stage.

· The second phase is called secondary shredding. Cone crushers are often used in this phase, where stone, fine gravel and sand are ground stronger.

· The next step is to use a vibrating screen that separates the different gravel sizes. Only those who meet the required size will move on to the next step, those that are even more voluminous will be restored through the crushing process.


A jaw crusher is basically a machine that crushes building materials like rocks into small pieces. This helps to break large rocks into smaller pieces, eg. As gravel, to crush. These machines are very useful as they divide the rocks into uniform sizes. There are different types of crushers that are used for different purposes. The two basic machine types include the double lever and the top eccentric. Different types of crushers use different methods of crushing stones.



These machines are generally used in construction sites and quarries for crushing stone. Large stones and stones must be broken up into smaller pieces for easy transportation. The machine has two rigid metal parts and an opening with a funnel. The stones or stones are poured into the funnel and crushed by the two metal parts by compression. One of the pieces is fixed between the two base metal pieces and the other moves in the direction of crushing the stones.

Each mill has a specific feed size that actually indicates the size of the object that can crush the machine into pieces. It is very important to consider the power capacity of these devices as different industries have different specifications and requirements. The specification is based on the distance between the two metal parts that perform the grinding task.

The specification of the opening of the delivery also varies from company to company. Some manufacturers produce these machines with specific measures to open the charger.

The capacity of the jaw crushers also varies. The capacity of the machine indicates the total weight of the material that can process a unit in one hour. This information may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.

The reduction ratio is another important factor to consider when purchasing these crushers. There must be a perfect balance between the amount of material poured into the machine and the space of the grinding surface.

Jaw crushers are often used for various applications. It is used in the construction and demolition area, as it is the size of large materials such as concrete, stones, etc. reduced. Therefore, it is very effective to remove deposits from the construction site.

It is also used to easily crush pebbles and granite stones. The stones are broken into uniform sizes to simplify the construction process.

These crushers are also used as an important accessory for better production because they consume less energy.

These machines are ideal for crushing hard materials and stones such as quartz, iron, copper and other materials. These materials are stretchy and can rarely be crushed with other equipment.

You can purchase various types of crushing tools at competitive prices in online stores. Since there are a large number of these machines in online shops, it is easy to select devices according to specific needs.